IQLIM O‘ZGARISHI SHAROITIDA SUV XAVFSIZLIGINI TA’MINLASH MASALALARI
Abstract
Mazkur maqolada iqlim o‘zgarishi sharoitida suv xavfsizligini ta’minlashning nazariy-metodologik, gidrologik, texnologik va institutsional masalalari kompleks tahlil qilindi. Suv xavfsizligi faqat mavjud suv hajmi bilan emas, balki resurslarning vaqt va makon bo‘yicha ishonchli taqsimlanishi, suv sifati, ekotizimlar barqarorligi, aholi va iqtisodiyotning suv xizmatlaridan teng foydalanishi, favqulodda gidrologik hodisalarga chidamlilik hamda transchegaraviy boshqaruv sifati bilan belgilanadigan ko‘p o‘lchovli kategoriya sifatida talqin etildi. Iqlim isishi natijasida bug‘lanish va ekinlarning suvga talabi ortishi, yog‘in rejimining beqarorlashuvi, qurg‘oqchilik va toshqinlarning takroriyligi kuchayishi, muzlik va qor zaxiralarining qisqarishi hamda suv sifatining yomonlashishi o‘zaro bog‘liq xavf zanjiri sifatida ko‘rib chiqildi. O‘zbekiston va Markaziy Osiyo sharoitida sug‘orma dehqonchilikning yuqori suv sig‘imi, magistral va xo‘jaliklararo tarmoqlardagi yo‘qotishlar, nasosli sug‘orishning energiya talabi, yer osti suvlariga bosim, sho‘rlanish va transchegaraviy oqimga qaramlik asosiy zaiflik omillari sifatida aniqlandi. Tadqiqot natijasida suv xavfsizligini baholash va boshqarish uchun gidrologik barqarorlik, talabni boshqarish, ekotizim ehtiyoji, institutsional muvofiqlashtirish va raqamli axborot ta’minotidan iborat besh blokli adaptiv model taklif etildi. Mazkur model suvni tejashni alohida texnologik tadbir sifatida emas, havza miqyosidagi suv hisobi, moslashuvchan taqsimot, iqtisodiy rag‘batlar, ekologik oqim, qayta foydalanish va transchegaraviy hamkorlikni birlashtiruvchi boshqaruv tizimi sifatida shakllantirish zarurligini asoslaydi.
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